Nowadays, cellulosic substrates and paper products have been most attention, as the main component of various packaging usage, due to their unique properties like distinctive mechanical features, abundance, accessibility, biodegradability, reusability, and environmentally friendly. Alongside all of these great characteristics, the major challenge of using cellulose biopolymer arises from its high wettability faced with humidity [1–5]. It is noticeable that finding effective methods has become introduced, improving its resistance against water and moisture contents. For this purpose, numerous kinds of materials such as starch, cellulose derivatives, waxes, silicon compounds, etc., have been employed as barrier agents either individually or as components of hybrids [1–8]. Various modifying procedures can be applied to protect the cellulose against water, gas, high humidity air, and other factors. The modifying processes can be divided into primary and secondary modification. This classification is totally correlated to the fibres as a primary and final product as a secondary treatment [6-8]. Most researchers investigated green, bio-based, and organic materials, as water repellents, to make hydrophobic cellulose-based substrates [8–15]. Li et al [4] have declared that starch and its derivatives have desirable potential to use as sizing agents, binder for coating of paper and paper-based industry. Ganicz et al. [7] have employed the mixture of the silicon compound and starch through secondary modification to reach a hydrophobicity paper. They declared that the abovementioned combination not only can be improved the paper hydrophobicity (more than 90o water contact angle) without any colour changing of the paper surface but also keep the constant level of tensile and tear properties. Yang et al. [8] has acknowledged that the promising composition of cationic starch and carboxymethyl cellulose exhibited great performance in terms of wettability and strength properties compared with using them separately. The aim of this study was concentrated on applying starch and carboxymethyl cellulose as two bio-based polymers which have been modified with various types of silane to make hydrophobic properties to paper sheets. For this purpose, the modified material was applied to our produced paper sheet via primary (before sheet produce) and secondary treatments (as a coating on the surface of the sheet).
Keywords: paper, water repellent characteristics, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, silane-based substrates
Authors
Mehrnoosh Tavakoli
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Facul-ty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego str. 60-637 Poznan, Poland
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, 4913815739 Gorgan, Iran.
Bartlomiej Mazela
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Facul-ty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego str. 60-637 Poznan, Poland
Waldemar Perdoch
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Facul-ty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego str. 60-637 Poznan, Poland
Tomasz Krystofiak
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Facul-ty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego str. 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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