Recently, German spruce forests had been severely affected by a bark-beetle calamity (2018 – 2024), which put forth a calamity area of > 500 000 ha (BMEL 2024). In Germany, …
The recent increase in extreme weather events has made the progressing climate change clearly noticeable globally. With regard to forest ecosystems, abiotic and biotic influences often interact, which significantly increases …
In recent years, the effects of climate change became evident worldwide in the form of extreme weather. After the storm “Friederike” in early 2018, the combination of recurring storm events …
